Being Successful: Are You Growing Every Day? | 100 Years Ago

100 years ago people had similar problems as today. They searched for professional success and personal recognition. The world changed quickly and the competition was great. What could be done to achieve success? Read what advice Lillian Lauferty has to offer in the "Washington Times" newspaper, 100 years ago. What she said is still worth reading:

Do you remember what the Red Queen said to Alice when that young person found her frantically running along a sort of treadmill and asked why she was silly enough to run so fast when she wasn't getting anywhere? The answer was fraught with deep philosophy. It was something like this: "I know It, my dear. But you have to run awfully fast to stay where you are."

Really, you do have to run awfully fast to stay where you are in this modern world of ours. New Ideas come rushing along: inventions happen all the time; Improved methods for doing things are discovered; colleges and businees schools turn out streams of trained workers, and the whole world whirls ahead so fast that unless you run very rapidly yon find yourself left behind.

The man or woman who wants to make a success of his or her life must grow all the time. Nothing else in the world stands still, and If you do you are useless. Because you measure up to your work on the first of June does not mean that you will properly fit it on the first of July, it is going to grow, and you have to grow with it. Growing with your work means little more than doing It faithfully and studying It very carefully. I know a young actress, whom, we will call Eleanor, chiefly because that is not her name.

She is a good-looking girl and is rather clever at interpreting ingenue parts. But she Is a little too tall and a little too mature looking to have any feeling of security about her line Of work. Eleanor recognized that and decided that since she was not brilliant enough or beautiful enough nor yet possessed of intense dramatic ability, influence, or unusualness, she had very little hope of ever being the beautiful heroine. "I think I'd be a pretty good character woman. I'm going to get hold of all the plays I can and atudy types. I'll decide how I would interpret them and get a lot of experience. Then, as soon as I'm too fat or too homely or too mature looking for lisps and baby stares, I'll be ready for another line of work." was Eleanor'a decision.

She was several moves ahead of the game, you see, and was fairly well insured against having her world move so fast that it would leave her behind.

A rather remarkable thing happened to Eleanor but I fancy that almost anyone who began to study not only her own field, but all the neighboring plots of land, might have a similar experience. In studying character parts Eleanor found herself very much interested in types. She began thinking about the unusual people with whom her work brought her in contact. She began fitting them into some of the sketches she was studying. And suddenly she found herself interested in the idea of writing a little sketch of her own. That sketch is going to be produced shortly and Eleanor is to be her own leading woman as well as her own author and to find her her name on the door in electric letters.

The age of miracles is not past at all but everybody has to be his own miracle worker and her own fairy godmother. Influence can put you on your feet but It cannot make you walk. No amount of backing can assure you of success. Wire pullling may put you into a good position but it cannot insure you against falling there. The business world is, full of jealousy and gossip which indicates how Johnny was favored by the boss and Jenny got her job through friends of the chiefs wife and James is only where he is because he's related to the head bookkeeper.

Watch John and Jenny and James. If It is in any of them to succeed they will, and the more quickly because a good opportunity was given them. If laziness or incompetency means that they are almost predistined failures, great will be the fall thereof when the fall comes. If Influence gets a young woman the position of secretary to the president and permits her to skip the premilinarles of promotion from eight dollars a Week upwards to twenty-five, just watch her.

How long do you suppose she can stay secretary to the President If she is slow and stupid about taking letters and transcribes them with neither neatnesas nor correctness? If the girl who is put into a big position doesn't fit It, she will be toppled out of It very shortly. If you grow into a position and arrive at the point where yon are capable of filling Its needs, you are bound to keep it as long as you keep on growing with it.

Shutting up your books when you get out of school and shouting aloud that you are through with school forever is something toward which youth gayly looks forward. But oh, how youth blunders. We don't get through with school for ever unless we mean to fail. Life is a school and we have to go on learning or go with the foot of the class. There is no such thing as standing still. There are only such things as getting hopelessly left behind, just managing to keep up with the procession, or forging ahead to real success.

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Man Eating Shark Caught Off Jersey Coast | 101 Years Ago

101 Years ago the US newspapers reported about deadly shark attacks near New York and Jersey. With creepy pictures and tearful headlines people were scared. The sharks were called "man-eaters" and the most important goal was to kill these animals. Today I want to show you two examples. They have been published on the same day in different newspapers. The first one was the "South Bend News-Times":

This nine and one-quarter feet man eating shark, whose head is shown above, was caught off Bolford, N. J., by Paul Parnon. When the shark was cut open. 12 baby sharks, 18 inches long, were found. The monster which weighs 215 pounds was caught in a net after a terrific battlle. The shark is one of the gray variety and is of the man eating species. It is believed that this is only one of a shoal of man-eaters hovering close to the Jersey shore.

2. Four Killed By Sea Monster ("The Daily Ardmoreite" Newspaper)

Beach resorts near New York were thoroughly alarmed by the recent attacks of sharks on bathers, resulting in four deaths and one maiming, and feared the killing of the season unless the shark were captured speedily. Hundreds of men, with rifles, spears, dynamite and nets, searched New Jersey waters for the man eating shark that in its third attack since July 2 killed two men and two boys and maimed another boy. The scare that has gone the rounds of many New Jersey resorts since the first shark raid on bathers has not reached Coney Island and other places near New York, but bathhouse keepers said they would take precautions against a visit from sharks, although they do not believe there is any danger.

Life guards will be stationed beyond the life lines to watch for possible approach, and if necessary the men will be armed. Fishermen will be stationed on piers with baited shark hooks. Men familiar with the habits of fish are frankly puzzled over the shark raids. Assuming that one man eater is responsible, it must have a long beat. It has been seen at Spring Lake, N. J., and at Bridgehampton, N. Y. If it is the same shark that went to Matteawan it must have skirted all of the lower bay of New York and at some time within the last few days passed Coney Island and the Rockaways. Pictures show a crowded bathing beach near New York and a an eating shark.

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Gurkhas and Sikhs: Indias Great Warriors | 102 Years Ago

102 years ago the newspaper "Odgen Standart" wrote about the qualities of Gurkha and Sikh warriors who fought loyal for the British Empire. The article gives a detailed overview on their fighting history, religion and behavior. From today's view I'm not shure if it was correct to say that these people were loyal to India. What do you think?

Perhaps never in the history of the British Empire has a situation been so vital to its integrity and so affecting: Its prestige been thrust upon the people of that country as that involved by the present war. For two centuries her commerce has surpassed that of any other nation, her flag has been seen in every port, her ships have been the carriers of the products of every land and her sons have inhabited the farthermost parts of the earth. Her colonies arclocated in every clime and every hemisphere, and her governmental policy has been felt everywhere. Her rule, on the whole, has been benevolent and beneficial so much so that a feeling of loyalty to the Home Country has steadfastly grown among the natives of India and other lands.

And today in her hour of need, when England's standing among the nations is threatened with humiliation, these native; are responding in large numbers and with great enthusiasm and genuine patriotism to the cry for help. India, a nation with entirely different racial Instincts and traditions, with a different culture, religion, civilization and governmental policy a nation one century ago the very antithesis of England is offering up her sons on the battlefields of Europe in England's defense as willingly and with equal self-sacrifice as the Mother Country herself.

Caste In The Army.

In Europe, as we know, every able bodied man, given food and arms, is a fighting man of some sort some better, some worse, but still as capable of bearing arms as any other of his nationality. But In India, where caste prevails, only a certain class of People may bear arms. The others, even if they have the requisite physical courage, may not become soldiers. The existence of this condition complicates the enlistment in India as it renders any form of a levy en masse impossible. The soldiers of India must come from the descendants of the ancient Aryan races who invaded India in prehistoric times, such as a Rajput and Brahman, who for practical purposes may be divided into two distinct classes one comprising the people of Hindustan and of the Punjab, and the other the races of Jats (from whom the Sikhs are descended) and the Gujars, the Pathans and the Moguls of India, the Pathan and Afghan of the frontier hills and the Gurkhas.

Gurkhas Win Battle In 1878.

The Sikhs and the Gurkhas are the best known fighting men. Men who have over and over again stood the test of loyalty to Great Britain. During the war of that nation against the Afghans there was a night assault on the Pelwar Kotal one night in December, 1878. This attack has become famous in history on account of the precipitous mountain which I was scaled during the night in order to command the road and make the attack. Lord-Roberts, who died during the early part of the war while "looking over the situation" in Franco, was in command at the time of this outbreak. His forces were made up of a regiment of Highlanders, a regiment of Gurkhas and two regiments of Punjab Infantry. It was a moonlight night and the enemy soon discovered Lord Roberts men.

The action came before dawn when the Gurk has suddenly sprang ahead of their Scotch comrades and swarmed over the Afghan entrenchment and bayoneted all who stood before them. Then they hurried to the second entrenchment with the same result, and the battle was won. They are much smaller in stature than the Sikhs yet the critics of European soldiery who have made a study of the Indian troops declare that the Gurkhas are equal to the best soldiers now with the Allies. They are absolutely fearless and are known as the world's finest Infantry. At present about twenty-five thousand of these men are with the allied armies, and several of their encounters with the Germans have been chronicled as splendid examples of personal bravery.

One of the English officers recently likened them to fighting bantam roosters, being far more agile than the large fighting cocks and as usual being frequently successful. Tho Gurkhas havo a habit of creeping along quietly and then making a suddon bayonet charge directly in front of tho enemy. The surprise generally upsets the discipline of the enemy and before order is restored tho Gurkhas get in their work with the bayonets. When In close quarters with the enemy they are fierce fighters and show little or no mercy.

Sikhs.

The Sikhs are of an entirely different type: tall, athletic and high spirited. They are model fighting men. It is hardly correct to speak of them as a distinct race, for they are really a religious sect which started as a persecuted set of reformers who finally became a powerful body embracing many of the Hindu tribes and the races of the Punjab. A Sikh is baptized into his sect, not born into it. No man is a Slkh until he has been baptized. Their faith is austere, demanding a most vigorous self sacrifice. But many of the young men prefer to grow up as ordinary Hindus, and lead a comparatively easy life, free from the arduous restrictions of any special religious creed or sect which fastens its exacting regimen upon so many of this caste ridden country.

After Great Britain's declaration of war many men applied for baptism as Sikhs, but only those whose life had been lived according to the simple tenets were accepted. No non-baptized man is admitted to the Sikh regiments of the Indian Army. Heretofore the military reputation of this sect, so far as the English are concerned, dates from the Indian Mutiny when the Sikhs flocked to the Union Jack. Since that time they have served England in Abyssinia, Afghanistan, Chitral and Africa. They bore the brunt of the British campaign in Somaliland, in one instance a detachment of two hundred falling to the last man sooner than surrender to overwhelming numbers. They are absolutely fearless and stand ready to die at any time to save their commander.

Saved Lord Roberts.

Lord Roberts used to tell a story which illustrated this particular trait. During one of his campaigns he found himself in a very dangerous position and before he could move he was struck in the hand by a bullet. He heard a cry of alarm behind him and turning saw that one of his Sikh orderlies had stretched himself to his full height with extended arms in order that he might stop with his own body any bullet that might do harm to his commander. There were six of these orderlies attached to Lord Roberts and he makes special comment on the faithful attention of these men. This is all the more remarkable from the fact that England had two wars with the Sikhs during the conquest of India. The first occurred in 1345 when an army of them composed of sixty thousand well drilled troops and more than one hundred guns invested the British garrison in Ferozepore.

There was a two days battle about this place in which although the Sikhs were worsted they gave the English a hand to hand fight long to be remembered. In 18-16 the English had another battle with the Sikhs. This was fought at Aliwal, and the men of India again showed remarkable fighting qualities. The final battle in Great Britain's first war with the Sikhs occurred on February 10th, 1846, at Sobraon, when the British Lancers charged the crack Sikh brigade. The latter threw down their rifles as not suiting their mettle and advanced sword and shield in hand after the manner of the ancient warriors. Many of the Sikhs rushed forth and singled out an Engllish man for special combat.

They were gradually forced back by the British and lost more than ten thousand killed, wounded and drowned in the Sutlej River. Even then they were not conquered, and they launched a second war, murdering two English envoys and raising an army of forty thousand men. The British, twenty-five thousand strong, met them on the famous field of Gujerat and won a complete victory. One by one the chiefs surrendered their swords, and the whole of the Punjab came under the British flag. Then came the miracle of loyalty for ever slnce that time not only has there not been the slightest sign of a rebellion but they have fought for England whenever she has called upon them to do so.

The Indian Army.

The Indian Army at present is composed of about two hundred thousand men. It is made up of Infantry cavalry and several mountain batteries. There is no Indian artillery. Each regiment has two classes of officers, British and native, and the line drawn between them is severely kept. Each class has its own mess, and the British officers however Junior in rank are in control. Of the native soldiers about thirty-five per cent aro Mohammedans, sixty-three per cent Hindus, two per cent Christians or Jews. Mohammedans and Hindus are rarely found in the name regiment and never in the same company. The service is voluntary and there is never a shortage of recruits, the bulk, of them being sons of men who served the British Raj in their day.

About one-third of the army is composed of "class" regiments. These are regiments in which all the men are of one race and religion. The best soldiers of India are supposed to be the Mohammedan. The men are allowed to live in the field the same as they do at home. They have their own peculiar ways of killing a sheep, which is their favorite meat. They do this by cutting the animal's throat with a knife so sharp that there is never any danger of failure on the first blow. They build mud ovens and cook their food in these queer perforated mud mounds. England has never meddled with the mode of living of her Indian soldiers except as to sanitation.

There is, however, little difficulty about this and the class of people from which the army comes are cleanly. They have the greatest admiration for their British officers, for they are fully aware that these officers are their superiors as leaders in military affairs. When it comes to obeying orders they are machines of terrific force as has been shown in many of the bayonet charges made by them. Not a single act of cowardice has been shown by the Indian troops, in fact, the officers in many instances have been compelled to discipline them for foolhardy and senseless bravery such as would mean certain death without any special results for the Allies.

Anxious To Capture The Kaiser.

When the Sikhs arrived in the Allies camp they asked to be shown pictures of the Kaiser declaring that they were determined to capture him. Up to the present time their efforts to take him prisoner or even to get a glimpse of the War Lord has proved futile. Apart from sending her men to fight for the honor of Great Britain, India has given liberally to tho war fund and to the Red Cross.

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Old Tobaco Advertisement | 102 Years Ago

102 years ago enthusiastic advertisements for tobacco products were no problem. One of these proud companies was "Raynolds Tobacco". In the newspaper "Middlebury Register" they placed a big mouth-watering advertisement for their brand "Prince Albert". The advertising text is entertaining and could even make non-smokers taste the tobacco. Here you can read the full text:

PRINCE ALBERT is such good tobacco you feel like you could just eat the smoke! Yes, sir, Prince Albert puts a razor edge on your smoke-appetite-division that's nobby enough to be photographed! No other pipe and cigarette tobacco can be like Prince Albert, because no other tobacco can be made like Prince Albert. The patented process fixes that and removes the tongue-bite and throat parch! Let that digest! And that line of conversation is 24 kt, whether you play Prince Albert in your old jimmy pipe or roll it into a makin's cigarette. The toppy red bag, 5c into a makin's cigarette. For you can put your little old blue-pencil O. K. right here that Prince Albert is a regular double-header for a single admission as joy'us to your tongue and taste one way as the other!

Will the "rollers" kindly step forward for a spell and get some of this listen into their systems? Because Prince Albert certain and sure jams more joy into a makin's paper than ever before was figured up on two hands! in the plain language of the hills, you can't any more resist such makin's tobacco than a bullfrog can pass up a piece of red flannel! Because Prince Albert hands to you everything any cigarette roller ever dreamed-out rare flavor, and aroma, and mildness, and body; absolutely the best bet the best smoke you or any other man ever did roll and put the fire to! Men, we tell you to wise up. Prince Albert is crimp cut and stays put which means rolling Prince Albert is as easy as falling off a log. And it's good to remember Prince Albert is put up in the toppy red bag especially for you "rollers."

Sells for the price of a jitney ride, 5c. Now, will the "pipers" kindly open both ears? Here's tobacco that has made it possible for three men to smoke pipes where one smoked before! Any way you hook it up, Prince Albert is tobacco insurance ! Yes, sir, it guarantees your future as well as your present smokings! And just makes your tongue so jimmy pipe joy'us that your smoke appetite grows whopping big. You men who "dassn't," we say you go to Prince Albert, natural-like ! Because there isn't a bite in a barrel of this national joy smoke. Unlimber your old jimmy pipe! Dig it out of the dark corner, jam it brimful of Prince Albert And make fire with a match ! Me-o-my !

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Many Ways to Preserve Tomatoes | 100 Years Ago

100 years ago Margaret Ramelin collected many recipes and techniques to preserve tomatoes and published her collection in the newspaper "New-York Tribune". Some of the recipes seem to be very tasty. Moreover, this collection is certainly still useful today. Do you like to cook with tomatoes? Here you can read the full article:

Many Ways to Preserve Tomatoes

TOMATOES lend themselves to such an infinite variety of delicious preserves, conserves and relishes, that every house-wife should have a plentiful store of them on her shelves for the winter supply. Both, the red and green varieties, can be bought so cheaply and so many suburbanites have them ripening in their own gardens that it is a simple matter to put up a few jars at a time without unduly taxing the housewife's time or energy. In the following, tested recipes will be founds, some old-inshioned favorites, as well as some novel formulas:

Green Tomato Preserve

To ten pounds of green tomatoes, sliced thin, add one cupful of water, six unpeeled lemons thinly sliced and with the pirs removed, and a small box of preserved ginger. Turn the ingredients into a preserving bottle and let boil for half an hour. Add eight pounds of sugar and let all boil slowly on the back of the range or over a moderate heat, stirring frequently, until the syrup is very thick. A small handful of dry ginger roots can be used in place of the preserved ginger. Let the dry ginger roots stand over night in cold water, then slice and add to the tomatoes. Seal airtight in heated Jars,

Tomato Marmalade

Peel four quarts of ripe tomatoes and cut the pulp in thin slices. Cut six lemons in halve lengthwise, then slice exceedingly thin. Put the tomatoes, lemons and one pound of seeded raisins in layers in a preserving kettle, alternating with layers of granulated sugar. Use four pounds of sugar. Boil for one hour and then let simmer until the mixture is of the consistency of marmalade. Store as for jelly. This quantity gives about two and a half quarts of marmalade, and it is very inexpensive.

Tomato Butter

Take ten pounds of ripe tomatoes, skinned; four pounds of granulated sugar, three pounds of tart cooking apples, one quart of moderately strong vinegar, half an ounce of stick cinnamon, half an ounce of ginger, one-fourth of an ounce of mace and one-fourth of an ounce of whole cloves. Tie the spices in a cheesecloth bag, put the other ingredients late a preserving kettle, add the spices, and boil all for three hours over a moderate heat. Stir frequently. Less vinegar may be used to suit the individual taste.

Ripe Tomato Conserve

Remove the skin from twelve large tomatoes, then cut the flesh in small pieces. Weigh the tomatoes, and take three quarters of a pound of sugar to each pound of the prepared vegetables. Add the juice of foor lemons and three oranges, two level teaspoonsful of cinnamon amd half a teaspoonful of cloves. Let cook slowly until quite thick, and when nearly done add two cupsful of seeded raisins and half a pound each of candied orange peel and candied ginger, cut in tiny strips Seal like jelly.

Tomato Jelly

Cut tomatoes that are a little underripe in quarters or thick slice, let cook in double boiler or over a slow fire until soft throughout, then drain in a jelly bac. Let drain without pressure, or too much pulp for a clear jelly will come through. For each quart of juice add the thin yellow rind and the juice of a large lemon. Let boil for twenty minutes; add a cupful of heated sugar for each cupful of juice and let cook until a little "jells" when tried on a cold saucer. If the tomatoes are very ripe, honey rather than jelly will result.

Sweet Tomato Relish

Use one peck of preen tomatoes and ten large white onions. Slice with an even thickness the tomatoes and the onions. Place a layer of tomatoes, generously deep, in an earthen crock; next a layer of onions, with liberal sprinklings of salt. When all are used, rover and weight heavily. Let stand over night. In the morning drain and rinse with clear, cold water; then place in a large kettle, in layers, with three large cupsful of brown sugar, two teaspoonsful each of mace, allspice, ground cloves and celery seed, and one of ground cinnamon. Add sufficient vinegar to give the relish a palatable taste, and boil down until the syrup is quite thick. Seal airtight in hot, steril ized jars, like canned fruit.

Tomato Honey

This is delicious with hot biscuits or to use on griddle cakes and waffles. To each pound of tomatoes allow the grated rind of a lemon. Cut the tomatoes in small pieces, add the rind and let cook until the water is almost evaporated. Be careful that it does not burn. Strain through a fino sieve. Measure the pulp, and for each pint take a pound of sugar and the juice of the lemon. Let all cook together very quickly until quite thick, stirring frequently with a wooden spoon. Store like jelly.

Tomato Paste

Cut the ripe tomatoes in half and discard as many seeds as possible. Set to cook in a granite ware saucepan over a slow fire or in the upper part of a large double boiler and boil until very thick. Press the tomatoes through a sieve sufficiently fine to keep back the seeds and add a teaspoonful of salt to each quart of strained material. Fill into half-pint sterilized jars, adjust the rubber rings and the covers loosely and set the jars on a rack in the boiler with water almost covering them. Let boil for one hour, then re move and tighten the rover?. It will take from two to three quarts of tomatoes to make enough paste to fill one half-pint jar. This paste is used in salad dressing, sauces and soups, and a very little goes a long way.

Tomato Figs

Yellow, pear-shaped tomatoes are best for this sweetmeat, but any small tomatoes will answer. Dip them in a wire basket into boiling water, let stand for a minute, then remove and peal. To five pounds of tomatoes allow two pounds of brown sugar. Sprinkle some of the sugar in a broad agate pan, dispose a layer of the tomatoes above the sugar, then a layer of sugar and another layer of the vegetable. Allow the sugar to melt over a very moderate heat and simmrr slowly until the sugar penetrates the tomatoes and they look clear. Remove to a platter and let dry in the hot sunshine. Baste orcassionally with the thick syrup while the "figs" are drying.

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Uncle Sam Says: "Purchase Shoes!" | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago the shoe selling company BERBERICH's used Uncle Sam to create an funny advertisement which have been published in "The Washington Times" newspaper.
I'm not sure if it was really meant to be a joke but from todays view it looks like that. What do You think? You can see and read this advertisement here:

There is no investment that you can possibly make that will bring better returns than a purchase of Shoes NOW at BERBERICH's. This stock was ordered many months ago. We foresaw the conditions in the Shoe market that have, since sent prices soaring. Consequently, it is possible for us to quote you prices which are in many instances LESS than the WHOLESALE cost of the same Shoes today. Uncle Sam Says: "I have raised your salary, now spend it wisely. BUY BERBERICH's shoes."

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The Trained War Dogs Of The French Army | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago the newspaper "Celina Democrat" wrote about trained war dogs who had several important positions in the French Army.

For example they were used to save wounded soldiers or to inform about dangerous hidden enemies. Many of this examples and stories have been collected in this interesting article:

Trained animals of the French army discover the wounded and even capture German dogs as prisoners. Many of them have been given great military honors.
The dogs of the French army are a force to be reckoned with. They are a really necessary cog in the big army machine. They have distinguished themselves in Argonne, on the Somme, on the Yser, in the Vosges. They have contributed appreciably to divers local successes. They have saved the lives of thousands of soldiers by their Intelligence and devotion, by their courage and address. They have given their limbs, they have given their health, they have given their lives. They have been cited on the rosters of their companies, their battalions, their regiments.
They have been decorated. Their virtues have been celebrated by the cinema, by the newspapers and Illustrated magazines and by the novel. Festivals have been held for the benefit of their hospitals and convalescent homes. Their delegates were enthusiastically cheered at the Palace of the Trocadero by an audience of over 6.000 persons (Including many wounded soldiers from the military hospitals) on the occasion of the last annual meeting of the S. P. A. (Societe Protectrice des Animaux, corresponding to our S. I. C. A.). And a committee has been formed (at the Instigation of their two-footed comrades-in-arms) for the erection of a monument in their honor.

Saviors of the Wounded

At the moment of the mobilization, 150 dogs, specially trained to rescue the wounded, were put at the disposition of the sanitary department of the Army of the Societe Nationnae du Chien Sanitaire. After a short stay at Longchamp, they were sent to the front, where they conducted themselves, on the whole, exceedingly well. "Pic" was brought down by a German bullet in Argonne. "Toby," alias "Crapouillot," died from a shell wound received at Vie-sur-Tourbe. "Kaiser","Kronprinz" and "Francois-Joseph", names given in derision, because offancied resemblance to the sovereigns of the adversaries served zealously and fell upon the field of honor. In 1915, mainly on the Initiative of the S. P. A. and the Anti-Vivisection league, some three hundred more thoroughly trained dogs were turned over to the sanitary department, and now not hundreds but thousands are succoring the wounded between Nieuport and Alsace.

"Prince," a superb Alsatian wolf, the first dog to have his coat dyed in the interests of invisibility, and still in the service, saved five wounded men in a single day at Vauquois. "Pax," blind and paralyzed and "Invalided" in due form because of these Infirmities contracted in the service, has the rescue of more than two hundred wounded to his credit. On the other hand. "Cadet," efficient singly, but too Ill-tempered for team work, has developed a specialty altogether his own, that of "gathering in" the dogs of the enemy. When "Cadet" spies a Boche dog, he pounces upon him, masters him, grips him by the tar and brings him to the trench as prisoner.

The "sanitary dog" scours the battlefield in quest of the wounded. When he discovers a suffering soldier he falls back on the brancardier to whom he is attached and makes plain by his attitude that his services are needed. At the outset he was taught to fetch to the brancardier a kepi or a handkerchief. But the handkerchief of the soldier is very apt to be in a tightly-buttoned pocket and he may have lost his kepi. Furthermore the kepi has been replaced largely by the heavy helmet, and it is next to Impossible for a dog to remove the latter, when it is held on by a chin-strap, as it almost always is. So it has become customary to have the dog fetch any object whatever (pipe, handkerchief, helmet, briquet, tobacco pouch, car tridge box. bit of uniform), save a bandage, which he is taught to scrupulously respect.

Surprising Canine Versatility

The "sanitary dogs," having been first in the field, thanks to the antebellum preparedness efforts of the Soclete Nationnle du Chien Sanitaire, and having long been the most numerous, have naturally attracted the most attention; but all the four-footed pollus are not rescuers of the wounded, Latterly, a goodly number have been trained for functions which bring them into closer relations with the actual combatants than with the disabled, and a special canine military service has been organized by ministerial decree. Dogs now serve as sentinels, as scouts, as dispatch bearers, and as revictuallers.
They are taught to wait patiently in solitary spots; to pay no attention to the most deafening detonations; to wear a gas-mask; to growl (without barking) at the slightest suspicious approach; to move back nnd forth between widely separated points without being tempted by irrelevant appeals enroute or being disconcerted by the obliteration of landmarks due to the tramping or churning of the earth.

"I use only French dogs," says a dog-training specialist, "for a very simple reason that renders all other reasons, namely, that they are the best shepherd dogs of La Beauce and of the Pyrenees, enterprising and hardy, excellent pupils, on condition that you specialize them, that you demand of them only what they have to give, that you do not exact from them, as from the modern-style ladies' maid, housekeeping, piano-playing, sewing, ironing, and the giving of English lessons.
The efficiency of the war dog depends upon two things, obedience and scent. Do not expect from the best dog miracles of well-nigh human intuition. If you do, you will be deceived. Refuse to believe that a war dog will learn to send telephone messages by growling before a telephone (as has been reported and even printed), or that he will run to ring the alarm bell at the approach of asphyxiating gas."

Four-Footed Sentinels

"Fidele," a big yellow mastiff, who mounted guard regularly before the porthole of a trench on the Yser, was shot in the head. He was evacuated to a dog hospital. The surgeons succeeded to extracting the bullet (which his master now wears as a charm on his watch-chain), and, after a proper period of convalescence, he joyously resumed his service at the front. "Lion" sentinel with the th regiment of Colonial infantry, signalled the proximity of a strong German patrol whose mission it was to capture a post some two hundred yards in advance of the French lines. His alarm permitted the opening of a deadly infantry and artillery fire which repulsed and decimated the patrol. Several prisoners were taken, who declared that they would certainly have succeeded in their enterprise had it not been for the warning given by the dog.

The Official Bulletin of July 19, 1910, contained this sentence: "An attack directed by the enemy upon our out posts in the region of Raschendael (Belgium) was checked by our fire." The failure of this raid was due to a dog named "Fox." He was placed upon the roll of honor of his regiment with this mention: "Fox, Serie F4, matricule 221 of the Kennel A, foiled an attempt of the Germans to raid our first-line trenches. Profiting by a dark night and a gale of wind, the enemy had succeeded in upproachlng our barbed-wire barriers without being seen or heard by the sentinels. The dog Fox of the Nineteenth company of the -th regiment of Infantry, who was mounting guard at the extremity of the trench, alarmed the post twice and permitted us to receive the enemy with a shower of grenades. Thanks to Fox's alarm, the surprise resulted in a complete fiasco." "Loustic" had no sooner familiarized himself with the trenches of the Infantry than he made a discover of the first Importance. While on watch duty with his master he suddenly obliqued to the right and gave unmistakable signs of perturbation.

"There's something over yonder," said the master to his comrades. "Nonsense! Your pup's dreaming." "But I tell you that If none of our men are over there at the right, there are Boches there." The dog is led in the opposite direction to test him. He runs back to his point of observation and continues to manifest the same disquieting symptoms. "It may be that he smells a Boche outpost," observed his master. The men, Impressed at last, communicate the observation to the officer in command. "X-- says that his dog 'Loustic' has discovered a Boche outpost." "The one we are after?" "Yes." "That would be extraordinary indeed." The captain is skeptical; nevertheless he orders several rockets to be setoff. And there, sure enough, in the direction the dog so obstinately indicated, pop up the heads of three superb Bodies, who fancied themselves secure against discovery. That passes me," murmured the captain. "In 20O minutes this cur has discovered a post we have been hunting two months for."

Four-Footed Scouts

In a northern sector, between the French and German trendies, fully 200 yards from the former and not more than 20 yards from the latter, was a farmhouse which was suspected concealing machine guns and an observation post, despite the fact that no signs of life were visible. The poilus in one of the French trenches lay their heads together: "It's absolutely necessary to know what there is in that house." "You're right. But It's no easy matter. We shall surely be shot If we go near it." "But if it is empty?" "That would be a lark. We'll find out. We'll take Tapillon' along with us." And one dark night four men, accompanied by Papillon, set forth. They advanced by bound?, with infinite precaution, making ten-minute halts between the bounds and unrolling a telephone wire as they progressed. When they were close to the house, they halted for three-quarters of an hour, in order to give Papillon time to familiarize himself with the premises and to reconnoiter them thoroughly.


He displayed no signs of agitution save when he was turned toward the trenches of the enemy. The house was certainly empty. The party entered and made a thorough inspection. They returned under Papillon's guidance several times, making daylight observations which rendered possible a successful attack. And Papillon was cited on the roll of honor of the battalion. In the spy-infected Vosges the scouting dogs have been particularly useful in detecting the civilian traitors who are In the habit of observing the movements of the troops from behind the forest trees. The scout "Nestor," besides rendering numerous services of this sort in the region, also distinguished himself particularly at Bandkopf by fulling back upon a patrol, in advance of which he was reconnoitering and announcing in unmistakable language a totally unsuspected menace of the enemy.

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