Being Successful: Are You Growing Every Day? | 100 Years Ago

100 years ago people had similar problems as today. They searched for professional success and personal recognition. The world changed quickly and the competition was great. What could be done to achieve success? Read what advice Lillian Lauferty has to offer in the "Washington Times" newspaper, 100 years ago. What she said is still worth reading:

Do you remember what the Red Queen said to Alice when that young person found her frantically running along a sort of treadmill and asked why she was silly enough to run so fast when she wasn't getting anywhere? The answer was fraught with deep philosophy. It was something like this: "I know It, my dear. But you have to run awfully fast to stay where you are."

Really, you do have to run awfully fast to stay where you are in this modern world of ours. New Ideas come rushing along: inventions happen all the time; Improved methods for doing things are discovered; colleges and businees schools turn out streams of trained workers, and the whole world whirls ahead so fast that unless you run very rapidly yon find yourself left behind.

The man or woman who wants to make a success of his or her life must grow all the time. Nothing else in the world stands still, and If you do you are useless. Because you measure up to your work on the first of June does not mean that you will properly fit it on the first of July, it is going to grow, and you have to grow with it. Growing with your work means little more than doing It faithfully and studying It very carefully. I know a young actress, whom, we will call Eleanor, chiefly because that is not her name.

She is a good-looking girl and is rather clever at interpreting ingenue parts. But she Is a little too tall and a little too mature looking to have any feeling of security about her line Of work. Eleanor recognized that and decided that since she was not brilliant enough or beautiful enough nor yet possessed of intense dramatic ability, influence, or unusualness, she had very little hope of ever being the beautiful heroine. "I think I'd be a pretty good character woman. I'm going to get hold of all the plays I can and atudy types. I'll decide how I would interpret them and get a lot of experience. Then, as soon as I'm too fat or too homely or too mature looking for lisps and baby stares, I'll be ready for another line of work." was Eleanor'a decision.

She was several moves ahead of the game, you see, and was fairly well insured against having her world move so fast that it would leave her behind.

A rather remarkable thing happened to Eleanor but I fancy that almost anyone who began to study not only her own field, but all the neighboring plots of land, might have a similar experience. In studying character parts Eleanor found herself very much interested in types. She began thinking about the unusual people with whom her work brought her in contact. She began fitting them into some of the sketches she was studying. And suddenly she found herself interested in the idea of writing a little sketch of her own. That sketch is going to be produced shortly and Eleanor is to be her own leading woman as well as her own author and to find her her name on the door in electric letters.

The age of miracles is not past at all but everybody has to be his own miracle worker and her own fairy godmother. Influence can put you on your feet but It cannot make you walk. No amount of backing can assure you of success. Wire pullling may put you into a good position but it cannot insure you against falling there. The business world is, full of jealousy and gossip which indicates how Johnny was favored by the boss and Jenny got her job through friends of the chiefs wife and James is only where he is because he's related to the head bookkeeper.

Watch John and Jenny and James. If It is in any of them to succeed they will, and the more quickly because a good opportunity was given them. If laziness or incompetency means that they are almost predistined failures, great will be the fall thereof when the fall comes. If Influence gets a young woman the position of secretary to the president and permits her to skip the premilinarles of promotion from eight dollars a Week upwards to twenty-five, just watch her.

How long do you suppose she can stay secretary to the President If she is slow and stupid about taking letters and transcribes them with neither neatnesas nor correctness? If the girl who is put into a big position doesn't fit It, she will be toppled out of It very shortly. If you grow into a position and arrive at the point where yon are capable of filling Its needs, you are bound to keep it as long as you keep on growing with it.

Shutting up your books when you get out of school and shouting aloud that you are through with school forever is something toward which youth gayly looks forward. But oh, how youth blunders. We don't get through with school for ever unless we mean to fail. Life is a school and we have to go on learning or go with the foot of the class. There is no such thing as standing still. There are only such things as getting hopelessly left behind, just managing to keep up with the procession, or forging ahead to real success.

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Man Eating Shark Caught Off Jersey Coast | 101 Years Ago

101 Years ago the US newspapers reported about deadly shark attacks near New York and Jersey. With creepy pictures and tearful headlines people were scared. The sharks were called "man-eaters" and the most important goal was to kill these animals. Today I want to show you two examples. They have been published on the same day in different newspapers. The first one was the "South Bend News-Times":

This nine and one-quarter feet man eating shark, whose head is shown above, was caught off Bolford, N. J., by Paul Parnon. When the shark was cut open. 12 baby sharks, 18 inches long, were found. The monster which weighs 215 pounds was caught in a net after a terrific battlle. The shark is one of the gray variety and is of the man eating species. It is believed that this is only one of a shoal of man-eaters hovering close to the Jersey shore.

2. Four Killed By Sea Monster ("The Daily Ardmoreite" Newspaper)

Beach resorts near New York were thoroughly alarmed by the recent attacks of sharks on bathers, resulting in four deaths and one maiming, and feared the killing of the season unless the shark were captured speedily. Hundreds of men, with rifles, spears, dynamite and nets, searched New Jersey waters for the man eating shark that in its third attack since July 2 killed two men and two boys and maimed another boy. The scare that has gone the rounds of many New Jersey resorts since the first shark raid on bathers has not reached Coney Island and other places near New York, but bathhouse keepers said they would take precautions against a visit from sharks, although they do not believe there is any danger.

Life guards will be stationed beyond the life lines to watch for possible approach, and if necessary the men will be armed. Fishermen will be stationed on piers with baited shark hooks. Men familiar with the habits of fish are frankly puzzled over the shark raids. Assuming that one man eater is responsible, it must have a long beat. It has been seen at Spring Lake, N. J., and at Bridgehampton, N. Y. If it is the same shark that went to Matteawan it must have skirted all of the lower bay of New York and at some time within the last few days passed Coney Island and the Rockaways. Pictures show a crowded bathing beach near New York and a an eating shark.

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Gurkhas and Sikhs: Indias Great Warriors | 102 Years Ago

102 years ago the newspaper "Odgen Standart" wrote about the qualities of Gurkha and Sikh warriors who fought loyal for the British Empire. The article gives a detailed overview on their fighting history, religion and behavior. From today's view I'm not shure if it was correct to say that these people were loyal to India. What do you think?

Perhaps never in the history of the British Empire has a situation been so vital to its integrity and so affecting: Its prestige been thrust upon the people of that country as that involved by the present war. For two centuries her commerce has surpassed that of any other nation, her flag has been seen in every port, her ships have been the carriers of the products of every land and her sons have inhabited the farthermost parts of the earth. Her colonies arclocated in every clime and every hemisphere, and her governmental policy has been felt everywhere. Her rule, on the whole, has been benevolent and beneficial so much so that a feeling of loyalty to the Home Country has steadfastly grown among the natives of India and other lands.

And today in her hour of need, when England's standing among the nations is threatened with humiliation, these native; are responding in large numbers and with great enthusiasm and genuine patriotism to the cry for help. India, a nation with entirely different racial Instincts and traditions, with a different culture, religion, civilization and governmental policy a nation one century ago the very antithesis of England is offering up her sons on the battlefields of Europe in England's defense as willingly and with equal self-sacrifice as the Mother Country herself.

Caste In The Army.

In Europe, as we know, every able bodied man, given food and arms, is a fighting man of some sort some better, some worse, but still as capable of bearing arms as any other of his nationality. But In India, where caste prevails, only a certain class of People may bear arms. The others, even if they have the requisite physical courage, may not become soldiers. The existence of this condition complicates the enlistment in India as it renders any form of a levy en masse impossible. The soldiers of India must come from the descendants of the ancient Aryan races who invaded India in prehistoric times, such as a Rajput and Brahman, who for practical purposes may be divided into two distinct classes one comprising the people of Hindustan and of the Punjab, and the other the races of Jats (from whom the Sikhs are descended) and the Gujars, the Pathans and the Moguls of India, the Pathan and Afghan of the frontier hills and the Gurkhas.

Gurkhas Win Battle In 1878.

The Sikhs and the Gurkhas are the best known fighting men. Men who have over and over again stood the test of loyalty to Great Britain. During the war of that nation against the Afghans there was a night assault on the Pelwar Kotal one night in December, 1878. This attack has become famous in history on account of the precipitous mountain which I was scaled during the night in order to command the road and make the attack. Lord-Roberts, who died during the early part of the war while "looking over the situation" in Franco, was in command at the time of this outbreak. His forces were made up of a regiment of Highlanders, a regiment of Gurkhas and two regiments of Punjab Infantry. It was a moonlight night and the enemy soon discovered Lord Roberts men.

The action came before dawn when the Gurk has suddenly sprang ahead of their Scotch comrades and swarmed over the Afghan entrenchment and bayoneted all who stood before them. Then they hurried to the second entrenchment with the same result, and the battle was won. They are much smaller in stature than the Sikhs yet the critics of European soldiery who have made a study of the Indian troops declare that the Gurkhas are equal to the best soldiers now with the Allies. They are absolutely fearless and are known as the world's finest Infantry. At present about twenty-five thousand of these men are with the allied armies, and several of their encounters with the Germans have been chronicled as splendid examples of personal bravery.

One of the English officers recently likened them to fighting bantam roosters, being far more agile than the large fighting cocks and as usual being frequently successful. Tho Gurkhas havo a habit of creeping along quietly and then making a suddon bayonet charge directly in front of tho enemy. The surprise generally upsets the discipline of the enemy and before order is restored tho Gurkhas get in their work with the bayonets. When In close quarters with the enemy they are fierce fighters and show little or no mercy.

Sikhs.

The Sikhs are of an entirely different type: tall, athletic and high spirited. They are model fighting men. It is hardly correct to speak of them as a distinct race, for they are really a religious sect which started as a persecuted set of reformers who finally became a powerful body embracing many of the Hindu tribes and the races of the Punjab. A Sikh is baptized into his sect, not born into it. No man is a Slkh until he has been baptized. Their faith is austere, demanding a most vigorous self sacrifice. But many of the young men prefer to grow up as ordinary Hindus, and lead a comparatively easy life, free from the arduous restrictions of any special religious creed or sect which fastens its exacting regimen upon so many of this caste ridden country.

After Great Britain's declaration of war many men applied for baptism as Sikhs, but only those whose life had been lived according to the simple tenets were accepted. No non-baptized man is admitted to the Sikh regiments of the Indian Army. Heretofore the military reputation of this sect, so far as the English are concerned, dates from the Indian Mutiny when the Sikhs flocked to the Union Jack. Since that time they have served England in Abyssinia, Afghanistan, Chitral and Africa. They bore the brunt of the British campaign in Somaliland, in one instance a detachment of two hundred falling to the last man sooner than surrender to overwhelming numbers. They are absolutely fearless and stand ready to die at any time to save their commander.

Saved Lord Roberts.

Lord Roberts used to tell a story which illustrated this particular trait. During one of his campaigns he found himself in a very dangerous position and before he could move he was struck in the hand by a bullet. He heard a cry of alarm behind him and turning saw that one of his Sikh orderlies had stretched himself to his full height with extended arms in order that he might stop with his own body any bullet that might do harm to his commander. There were six of these orderlies attached to Lord Roberts and he makes special comment on the faithful attention of these men. This is all the more remarkable from the fact that England had two wars with the Sikhs during the conquest of India. The first occurred in 1345 when an army of them composed of sixty thousand well drilled troops and more than one hundred guns invested the British garrison in Ferozepore.

There was a two days battle about this place in which although the Sikhs were worsted they gave the English a hand to hand fight long to be remembered. In 18-16 the English had another battle with the Sikhs. This was fought at Aliwal, and the men of India again showed remarkable fighting qualities. The final battle in Great Britain's first war with the Sikhs occurred on February 10th, 1846, at Sobraon, when the British Lancers charged the crack Sikh brigade. The latter threw down their rifles as not suiting their mettle and advanced sword and shield in hand after the manner of the ancient warriors. Many of the Sikhs rushed forth and singled out an Engllish man for special combat.

They were gradually forced back by the British and lost more than ten thousand killed, wounded and drowned in the Sutlej River. Even then they were not conquered, and they launched a second war, murdering two English envoys and raising an army of forty thousand men. The British, twenty-five thousand strong, met them on the famous field of Gujerat and won a complete victory. One by one the chiefs surrendered their swords, and the whole of the Punjab came under the British flag. Then came the miracle of loyalty for ever slnce that time not only has there not been the slightest sign of a rebellion but they have fought for England whenever she has called upon them to do so.

The Indian Army.

The Indian Army at present is composed of about two hundred thousand men. It is made up of Infantry cavalry and several mountain batteries. There is no Indian artillery. Each regiment has two classes of officers, British and native, and the line drawn between them is severely kept. Each class has its own mess, and the British officers however Junior in rank are in control. Of the native soldiers about thirty-five per cent aro Mohammedans, sixty-three per cent Hindus, two per cent Christians or Jews. Mohammedans and Hindus are rarely found in the name regiment and never in the same company. The service is voluntary and there is never a shortage of recruits, the bulk, of them being sons of men who served the British Raj in their day.

About one-third of the army is composed of "class" regiments. These are regiments in which all the men are of one race and religion. The best soldiers of India are supposed to be the Mohammedan. The men are allowed to live in the field the same as they do at home. They have their own peculiar ways of killing a sheep, which is their favorite meat. They do this by cutting the animal's throat with a knife so sharp that there is never any danger of failure on the first blow. They build mud ovens and cook their food in these queer perforated mud mounds. England has never meddled with the mode of living of her Indian soldiers except as to sanitation.

There is, however, little difficulty about this and the class of people from which the army comes are cleanly. They have the greatest admiration for their British officers, for they are fully aware that these officers are their superiors as leaders in military affairs. When it comes to obeying orders they are machines of terrific force as has been shown in many of the bayonet charges made by them. Not a single act of cowardice has been shown by the Indian troops, in fact, the officers in many instances have been compelled to discipline them for foolhardy and senseless bravery such as would mean certain death without any special results for the Allies.

Anxious To Capture The Kaiser.

When the Sikhs arrived in the Allies camp they asked to be shown pictures of the Kaiser declaring that they were determined to capture him. Up to the present time their efforts to take him prisoner or even to get a glimpse of the War Lord has proved futile. Apart from sending her men to fight for the honor of Great Britain, India has given liberally to tho war fund and to the Red Cross.

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Old Tobaco Advertisement | 102 Years Ago

102 years ago enthusiastic advertisements for tobacco products were no problem. One of these proud companies was "Raynolds Tobacco". In the newspaper "Middlebury Register" they placed a big mouth-watering advertisement for their brand "Prince Albert". The advertising text is entertaining and could even make non-smokers taste the tobacco. Here you can read the full text:

PRINCE ALBERT is such good tobacco you feel like you could just eat the smoke! Yes, sir, Prince Albert puts a razor edge on your smoke-appetite-division that's nobby enough to be photographed! No other pipe and cigarette tobacco can be like Prince Albert, because no other tobacco can be made like Prince Albert. The patented process fixes that and removes the tongue-bite and throat parch! Let that digest! And that line of conversation is 24 kt, whether you play Prince Albert in your old jimmy pipe or roll it into a makin's cigarette. The toppy red bag, 5c into a makin's cigarette. For you can put your little old blue-pencil O. K. right here that Prince Albert is a regular double-header for a single admission as joy'us to your tongue and taste one way as the other!

Will the "rollers" kindly step forward for a spell and get some of this listen into their systems? Because Prince Albert certain and sure jams more joy into a makin's paper than ever before was figured up on two hands! in the plain language of the hills, you can't any more resist such makin's tobacco than a bullfrog can pass up a piece of red flannel! Because Prince Albert hands to you everything any cigarette roller ever dreamed-out rare flavor, and aroma, and mildness, and body; absolutely the best bet the best smoke you or any other man ever did roll and put the fire to! Men, we tell you to wise up. Prince Albert is crimp cut and stays put which means rolling Prince Albert is as easy as falling off a log. And it's good to remember Prince Albert is put up in the toppy red bag especially for you "rollers."

Sells for the price of a jitney ride, 5c. Now, will the "pipers" kindly open both ears? Here's tobacco that has made it possible for three men to smoke pipes where one smoked before! Any way you hook it up, Prince Albert is tobacco insurance ! Yes, sir, it guarantees your future as well as your present smokings! And just makes your tongue so jimmy pipe joy'us that your smoke appetite grows whopping big. You men who "dassn't," we say you go to Prince Albert, natural-like ! Because there isn't a bite in a barrel of this national joy smoke. Unlimber your old jimmy pipe! Dig it out of the dark corner, jam it brimful of Prince Albert And make fire with a match ! Me-o-my !

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Many Ways to Preserve Tomatoes | 100 Years Ago

100 years ago Margaret Ramelin collected many recipes and techniques to preserve tomatoes and published her collection in the newspaper "New-York Tribune". Some of the recipes seem to be very tasty. Moreover, this collection is certainly still useful today. Do you like to cook with tomatoes? Here you can read the full article:

Many Ways to Preserve Tomatoes

TOMATOES lend themselves to such an infinite variety of delicious preserves, conserves and relishes, that every house-wife should have a plentiful store of them on her shelves for the winter supply. Both, the red and green varieties, can be bought so cheaply and so many suburbanites have them ripening in their own gardens that it is a simple matter to put up a few jars at a time without unduly taxing the housewife's time or energy. In the following, tested recipes will be founds, some old-inshioned favorites, as well as some novel formulas:

Green Tomato Preserve

To ten pounds of green tomatoes, sliced thin, add one cupful of water, six unpeeled lemons thinly sliced and with the pirs removed, and a small box of preserved ginger. Turn the ingredients into a preserving bottle and let boil for half an hour. Add eight pounds of sugar and let all boil slowly on the back of the range or over a moderate heat, stirring frequently, until the syrup is very thick. A small handful of dry ginger roots can be used in place of the preserved ginger. Let the dry ginger roots stand over night in cold water, then slice and add to the tomatoes. Seal airtight in heated Jars,

Tomato Marmalade

Peel four quarts of ripe tomatoes and cut the pulp in thin slices. Cut six lemons in halve lengthwise, then slice exceedingly thin. Put the tomatoes, lemons and one pound of seeded raisins in layers in a preserving kettle, alternating with layers of granulated sugar. Use four pounds of sugar. Boil for one hour and then let simmer until the mixture is of the consistency of marmalade. Store as for jelly. This quantity gives about two and a half quarts of marmalade, and it is very inexpensive.

Tomato Butter

Take ten pounds of ripe tomatoes, skinned; four pounds of granulated sugar, three pounds of tart cooking apples, one quart of moderately strong vinegar, half an ounce of stick cinnamon, half an ounce of ginger, one-fourth of an ounce of mace and one-fourth of an ounce of whole cloves. Tie the spices in a cheesecloth bag, put the other ingredients late a preserving kettle, add the spices, and boil all for three hours over a moderate heat. Stir frequently. Less vinegar may be used to suit the individual taste.

Ripe Tomato Conserve

Remove the skin from twelve large tomatoes, then cut the flesh in small pieces. Weigh the tomatoes, and take three quarters of a pound of sugar to each pound of the prepared vegetables. Add the juice of foor lemons and three oranges, two level teaspoonsful of cinnamon amd half a teaspoonful of cloves. Let cook slowly until quite thick, and when nearly done add two cupsful of seeded raisins and half a pound each of candied orange peel and candied ginger, cut in tiny strips Seal like jelly.

Tomato Jelly

Cut tomatoes that are a little underripe in quarters or thick slice, let cook in double boiler or over a slow fire until soft throughout, then drain in a jelly bac. Let drain without pressure, or too much pulp for a clear jelly will come through. For each quart of juice add the thin yellow rind and the juice of a large lemon. Let boil for twenty minutes; add a cupful of heated sugar for each cupful of juice and let cook until a little "jells" when tried on a cold saucer. If the tomatoes are very ripe, honey rather than jelly will result.

Sweet Tomato Relish

Use one peck of preen tomatoes and ten large white onions. Slice with an even thickness the tomatoes and the onions. Place a layer of tomatoes, generously deep, in an earthen crock; next a layer of onions, with liberal sprinklings of salt. When all are used, rover and weight heavily. Let stand over night. In the morning drain and rinse with clear, cold water; then place in a large kettle, in layers, with three large cupsful of brown sugar, two teaspoonsful each of mace, allspice, ground cloves and celery seed, and one of ground cinnamon. Add sufficient vinegar to give the relish a palatable taste, and boil down until the syrup is quite thick. Seal airtight in hot, steril ized jars, like canned fruit.

Tomato Honey

This is delicious with hot biscuits or to use on griddle cakes and waffles. To each pound of tomatoes allow the grated rind of a lemon. Cut the tomatoes in small pieces, add the rind and let cook until the water is almost evaporated. Be careful that it does not burn. Strain through a fino sieve. Measure the pulp, and for each pint take a pound of sugar and the juice of the lemon. Let all cook together very quickly until quite thick, stirring frequently with a wooden spoon. Store like jelly.

Tomato Paste

Cut the ripe tomatoes in half and discard as many seeds as possible. Set to cook in a granite ware saucepan over a slow fire or in the upper part of a large double boiler and boil until very thick. Press the tomatoes through a sieve sufficiently fine to keep back the seeds and add a teaspoonful of salt to each quart of strained material. Fill into half-pint sterilized jars, adjust the rubber rings and the covers loosely and set the jars on a rack in the boiler with water almost covering them. Let boil for one hour, then re move and tighten the rover?. It will take from two to three quarts of tomatoes to make enough paste to fill one half-pint jar. This paste is used in salad dressing, sauces and soups, and a very little goes a long way.

Tomato Figs

Yellow, pear-shaped tomatoes are best for this sweetmeat, but any small tomatoes will answer. Dip them in a wire basket into boiling water, let stand for a minute, then remove and peal. To five pounds of tomatoes allow two pounds of brown sugar. Sprinkle some of the sugar in a broad agate pan, dispose a layer of the tomatoes above the sugar, then a layer of sugar and another layer of the vegetable. Allow the sugar to melt over a very moderate heat and simmrr slowly until the sugar penetrates the tomatoes and they look clear. Remove to a platter and let dry in the hot sunshine. Baste orcassionally with the thick syrup while the "figs" are drying.

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Uncle Sam Says: "Purchase Shoes!" | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago the shoe selling company BERBERICH's used Uncle Sam to create an funny advertisement which have been published in "The Washington Times" newspaper.
I'm not sure if it was really meant to be a joke but from todays view it looks like that. What do You think? You can see and read this advertisement here:

There is no investment that you can possibly make that will bring better returns than a purchase of Shoes NOW at BERBERICH's. This stock was ordered many months ago. We foresaw the conditions in the Shoe market that have, since sent prices soaring. Consequently, it is possible for us to quote you prices which are in many instances LESS than the WHOLESALE cost of the same Shoes today. Uncle Sam Says: "I have raised your salary, now spend it wisely. BUY BERBERICH's shoes."

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The Trained War Dogs Of The French Army | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago the newspaper "Celina Democrat" wrote about trained war dogs who had several important positions in the French Army.

For example they were used to save wounded soldiers or to inform about dangerous hidden enemies. Many of this examples and stories have been collected in this interesting article:

Trained animals of the French army discover the wounded and even capture German dogs as prisoners. Many of them have been given great military honors.
The dogs of the French army are a force to be reckoned with. They are a really necessary cog in the big army machine. They have distinguished themselves in Argonne, on the Somme, on the Yser, in the Vosges. They have contributed appreciably to divers local successes. They have saved the lives of thousands of soldiers by their Intelligence and devotion, by their courage and address. They have given their limbs, they have given their health, they have given their lives. They have been cited on the rosters of their companies, their battalions, their regiments.
They have been decorated. Their virtues have been celebrated by the cinema, by the newspapers and Illustrated magazines and by the novel. Festivals have been held for the benefit of their hospitals and convalescent homes. Their delegates were enthusiastically cheered at the Palace of the Trocadero by an audience of over 6.000 persons (Including many wounded soldiers from the military hospitals) on the occasion of the last annual meeting of the S. P. A. (Societe Protectrice des Animaux, corresponding to our S. I. C. A.). And a committee has been formed (at the Instigation of their two-footed comrades-in-arms) for the erection of a monument in their honor.

Saviors of the Wounded

At the moment of the mobilization, 150 dogs, specially trained to rescue the wounded, were put at the disposition of the sanitary department of the Army of the Societe Nationnae du Chien Sanitaire. After a short stay at Longchamp, they were sent to the front, where they conducted themselves, on the whole, exceedingly well. "Pic" was brought down by a German bullet in Argonne. "Toby," alias "Crapouillot," died from a shell wound received at Vie-sur-Tourbe. "Kaiser","Kronprinz" and "Francois-Joseph", names given in derision, because offancied resemblance to the sovereigns of the adversaries served zealously and fell upon the field of honor. In 1915, mainly on the Initiative of the S. P. A. and the Anti-Vivisection league, some three hundred more thoroughly trained dogs were turned over to the sanitary department, and now not hundreds but thousands are succoring the wounded between Nieuport and Alsace.

"Prince," a superb Alsatian wolf, the first dog to have his coat dyed in the interests of invisibility, and still in the service, saved five wounded men in a single day at Vauquois. "Pax," blind and paralyzed and "Invalided" in due form because of these Infirmities contracted in the service, has the rescue of more than two hundred wounded to his credit. On the other hand. "Cadet," efficient singly, but too Ill-tempered for team work, has developed a specialty altogether his own, that of "gathering in" the dogs of the enemy. When "Cadet" spies a Boche dog, he pounces upon him, masters him, grips him by the tar and brings him to the trench as prisoner.

The "sanitary dog" scours the battlefield in quest of the wounded. When he discovers a suffering soldier he falls back on the brancardier to whom he is attached and makes plain by his attitude that his services are needed. At the outset he was taught to fetch to the brancardier a kepi or a handkerchief. But the handkerchief of the soldier is very apt to be in a tightly-buttoned pocket and he may have lost his kepi. Furthermore the kepi has been replaced largely by the heavy helmet, and it is next to Impossible for a dog to remove the latter, when it is held on by a chin-strap, as it almost always is. So it has become customary to have the dog fetch any object whatever (pipe, handkerchief, helmet, briquet, tobacco pouch, car tridge box. bit of uniform), save a bandage, which he is taught to scrupulously respect.

Surprising Canine Versatility

The "sanitary dogs," having been first in the field, thanks to the antebellum preparedness efforts of the Soclete Nationnle du Chien Sanitaire, and having long been the most numerous, have naturally attracted the most attention; but all the four-footed pollus are not rescuers of the wounded, Latterly, a goodly number have been trained for functions which bring them into closer relations with the actual combatants than with the disabled, and a special canine military service has been organized by ministerial decree. Dogs now serve as sentinels, as scouts, as dispatch bearers, and as revictuallers.
They are taught to wait patiently in solitary spots; to pay no attention to the most deafening detonations; to wear a gas-mask; to growl (without barking) at the slightest suspicious approach; to move back nnd forth between widely separated points without being tempted by irrelevant appeals enroute or being disconcerted by the obliteration of landmarks due to the tramping or churning of the earth.

"I use only French dogs," says a dog-training specialist, "for a very simple reason that renders all other reasons, namely, that they are the best shepherd dogs of La Beauce and of the Pyrenees, enterprising and hardy, excellent pupils, on condition that you specialize them, that you demand of them only what they have to give, that you do not exact from them, as from the modern-style ladies' maid, housekeeping, piano-playing, sewing, ironing, and the giving of English lessons.
The efficiency of the war dog depends upon two things, obedience and scent. Do not expect from the best dog miracles of well-nigh human intuition. If you do, you will be deceived. Refuse to believe that a war dog will learn to send telephone messages by growling before a telephone (as has been reported and even printed), or that he will run to ring the alarm bell at the approach of asphyxiating gas."

Four-Footed Sentinels

"Fidele," a big yellow mastiff, who mounted guard regularly before the porthole of a trench on the Yser, was shot in the head. He was evacuated to a dog hospital. The surgeons succeeded to extracting the bullet (which his master now wears as a charm on his watch-chain), and, after a proper period of convalescence, he joyously resumed his service at the front. "Lion" sentinel with the th regiment of Colonial infantry, signalled the proximity of a strong German patrol whose mission it was to capture a post some two hundred yards in advance of the French lines. His alarm permitted the opening of a deadly infantry and artillery fire which repulsed and decimated the patrol. Several prisoners were taken, who declared that they would certainly have succeeded in their enterprise had it not been for the warning given by the dog.

The Official Bulletin of July 19, 1910, contained this sentence: "An attack directed by the enemy upon our out posts in the region of Raschendael (Belgium) was checked by our fire." The failure of this raid was due to a dog named "Fox." He was placed upon the roll of honor of his regiment with this mention: "Fox, Serie F4, matricule 221 of the Kennel A, foiled an attempt of the Germans to raid our first-line trenches. Profiting by a dark night and a gale of wind, the enemy had succeeded in upproachlng our barbed-wire barriers without being seen or heard by the sentinels. The dog Fox of the Nineteenth company of the -th regiment of Infantry, who was mounting guard at the extremity of the trench, alarmed the post twice and permitted us to receive the enemy with a shower of grenades. Thanks to Fox's alarm, the surprise resulted in a complete fiasco." "Loustic" had no sooner familiarized himself with the trenches of the Infantry than he made a discover of the first Importance. While on watch duty with his master he suddenly obliqued to the right and gave unmistakable signs of perturbation.

"There's something over yonder," said the master to his comrades. "Nonsense! Your pup's dreaming." "But I tell you that If none of our men are over there at the right, there are Boches there." The dog is led in the opposite direction to test him. He runs back to his point of observation and continues to manifest the same disquieting symptoms. "It may be that he smells a Boche outpost," observed his master. The men, Impressed at last, communicate the observation to the officer in command. "X-- says that his dog 'Loustic' has discovered a Boche outpost." "The one we are after?" "Yes." "That would be extraordinary indeed." The captain is skeptical; nevertheless he orders several rockets to be setoff. And there, sure enough, in the direction the dog so obstinately indicated, pop up the heads of three superb Bodies, who fancied themselves secure against discovery. That passes me," murmured the captain. "In 20O minutes this cur has discovered a post we have been hunting two months for."

Four-Footed Scouts

In a northern sector, between the French and German trendies, fully 200 yards from the former and not more than 20 yards from the latter, was a farmhouse which was suspected concealing machine guns and an observation post, despite the fact that no signs of life were visible. The poilus in one of the French trenches lay their heads together: "It's absolutely necessary to know what there is in that house." "You're right. But It's no easy matter. We shall surely be shot If we go near it." "But if it is empty?" "That would be a lark. We'll find out. We'll take Tapillon' along with us." And one dark night four men, accompanied by Papillon, set forth. They advanced by bound?, with infinite precaution, making ten-minute halts between the bounds and unrolling a telephone wire as they progressed. When they were close to the house, they halted for three-quarters of an hour, in order to give Papillon time to familiarize himself with the premises and to reconnoiter them thoroughly.


He displayed no signs of agitution save when he was turned toward the trenches of the enemy. The house was certainly empty. The party entered and made a thorough inspection. They returned under Papillon's guidance several times, making daylight observations which rendered possible a successful attack. And Papillon was cited on the roll of honor of the battalion. In the spy-infected Vosges the scouting dogs have been particularly useful in detecting the civilian traitors who are In the habit of observing the movements of the troops from behind the forest trees. The scout "Nestor," besides rendering numerous services of this sort in the region, also distinguished himself particularly at Bandkopf by fulling back upon a patrol, in advance of which he was reconnoitering and announcing in unmistakable language a totally unsuspected menace of the enemy.

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Nicola Tesla Promises Communication With Mars | 116 Years Ago

116 Years Ago the US newspaper "THE TIMES" reported on Nicola Tesla, who believed that it would soon be possible to communicate with the inhabitants of the planet Mars.
The newspaper took a clear position for Tesla and attacked his opponents polemical. Here you can read this article:

There are thousands of people living in the word today who do not believe that the planet of Mars is inhabited. There are many others who do, and some of the leaders in science and foremost men in thought and invention are members of this last-named class. Nicola Tesla, the inventor of the wireless telegraphy, is one of these. Astronomers tell us that the planet Mars is several millions of years older than the earth and H. G. Wells, novelist, in one of his fantastic creations, has peopled this planet with a race of strange creatures.

One thing, however, stands to reason, and that is this: If Mars is Inhabited, those inhabitants are far in advance of us as regards sciences, both theoretical and applied. This is what Tesla thinks, and why he is of the opinion has just recently been made known. He is convinced that the Martians are trying to communicate with us.

Tesla's Dream

Julian Hawthorne says: "Apart from love and religion there happened the other day to Mr. Tesla the most momentous experience that has ever visited a human being on this earth.
As he sat beside his instrument on the hillside in Colorado, in the deep silence of that austere inspiring region, where you plant your feet in gold and your head brushes the constellations - as he sat there one evening, alone, his attention, exquisitively alive at that juncture was arrested by a faint sound from the receiver-three fairy taps, one after the other at a fixed interval. "What man who has ever lived on this earth would not envy Tesla that moment! Never before since the globe first swung into form had that sound been heard. Those three soft impulses, reflected from the sensitive disc of the receiver, had not proceeded from any earthly source. The force which propelled them, the measure which regarded them, the significance they were meant to convey, had their origin in no mind native to this planet.

They were sent, those marvelous signals, by a human being living and thinking so far away from us. both in space and in condition, that we can only accept him as a fact, not comprehend him as a phenomenon. Traveling with the speed of light, they must have been dispatched but a few moments before Tesla, in Colorado, received them.

"This was two years ago; it has just been made public. Thereupon all the tame beasts with long ears in the stables of science begin waving those ears vigorously and braying forth indignant scoffs and denials. Yes, so has it ever been, and will be. How eagerly will every so-called son of science, who has the power of absorbing, but not of assimilating or of creating, rush to trample under his hoofs the man of genius, imagination and wisdom who commits the crime of disclosing to them the means of their own uplifting and humanization! 'Fraud' they cry; and fetch out their musty little books of statistics and logarithms to show why it cannot be anything else but a humbug and delusion. Well, let us leave them trampling and braying, and consider for a moment what has occurred."

The Real Question

The real question, however, is how will these interplanetary communications be conducted: what the medium to be employed: with such interplanetary communication as is propose*, electricity will doubtless be revealed as but the fractional aspect of a force possessing a vastly greater scope and power than have any of the phenomena of our experiments yet revealed to us. The energy of man's brain, if properly applied, may suffice to propogate waves of meaning from one end of the universe to the other, and science will unquestionably aid. Nicola Tesla promises us communication with our terrestrial neigbors. How, when and where? remain to be seen.

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"BeSaw" Stock, A Real Investment | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago a Tire and Rubber Company from Ohio advertised in the "Daily Ardmoreite" newspaper to promote their Stocks to potential investors. They where very proud about themselves and promised fortunes for investors.
Today this company is not in business anymore. On one website someone wrote that they failed during the depression. But I was not able to find more informations about that. Here is the article:

The BeSaw Tire and Rubber Company

It IS NOT a new company without organization, without a tire proven a success, without recognition in the rubber industry, and without executives experienced in making and marketing tires.

IT IS managed by men who have been through the experimental states of the business. It is now operating one plant day and night in Ohio. It has an established and ever increasing demand for its products, being over ten thousand tires behind on its orders this month. It has many other advantages, all of which assure a future of large dividends to stockholders. Purchasers of stock in this company will also be stockholders in the plant now operating day and night in Hartville, Ohio.

An investment in the Besaw Tire & Rubber Co. goes right in on a divident earning basis at once while the new Ardmore plant is being constructed and equipped. Some of Ardmore's best and most prominent business men have visited our factory in Ohio, and investigated our standing, its management, and they also made a thorough investigation of what Rubber Tire factories are doing in Ohio. Their investigation resulted in their, together with 150 other Ardmore citizens, becoming heavy stockholders. We refer you to any bank in Ardmore, our stockholders, or The Commercial & Savings Bank, Canton, Ohio.

If you are interested in learning more about this proposition, we will be pleased to furnish you with further information, upon receipt of the attached coupon, and we assure you that by mailing this coupon, you will not be obligated in any way whatsoever. Rubber stocks have made fortunes for investors. Here is your opportunity to get in on the ground floor, and share the dividends with the other Ardmore citizens.

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Murder Confesses To A Horrible Crime | 100 Years Ago

100 years ago the US newspaper "The Odgen Standard" wrote an interesting article about a "horrible" murder case that could be solved successfully.
In addition to a detailed report on the work of the police, the newspaper also presented an interview with the murderer who does not seem to regret what he has done. You can read this interview here:

Yes, I killed him

"Yes, I killed him with his own knife when he tried to kill me," confessed Mike Baca to the Ogden police this afternoon when charged with having murdered Ben Rogers of Logan, whose horribly mutilated body was found in the brush at the side of the Weber river yesterday morning. "Why did I kill him? Well, he insulted me and told me that since I was an Mexican I had no business wearing the American flag. The quarrel started after we had been together all day Tuesday. "I met Rogers Tuesday morning. He saw I was a Mexican and talked to me in Spanish. He had been in Arizona and so he spoke the language very well. We were together all day, drinking and going around the town.

Together All Day

"Toward evening I suggested that we look up some girls. Rogers got sore when I suggested this and, as we wandered down towards the river, he taunted me because I wore an American flag. 'You've no business wearing an American flag; you're a Mexican,' he said to me. One word led to another and finally he drew his knife. I grabbed a club and we fought it out near the river's edge. I hit him over the head with my club and tried to grab his knife. In the fight his cheek was slit. Then I grabbed the knife from his hand and cut his throat. He fell to the ground gasping."

The Wounds in his Body

"How about the bullet wounds in his body?" Sergeant 0. H. Mohlman asked Baca. "Those are not bulletwounds," said the Mexican; "those are knife wounds. When Rogers fell to the ground I stuck the knife in his side and in his back, turning the blade around. It may look as though a bullet passed through his body, but those wounds were from the knife." "What did you do with the knife after you had killed Rogers?"
Baca was asked by the police officers. "I threw it in the river," said the man. "Then what did you do?" he was asked. "After I threw the knife away I opened Rogers' clothes bag and took from the bag $23 which was in it, as I myself had no money. Then I waded into the river and swam through the water in order to wash the blood stains from my clothes. I had left my coat on the ground and Rogers fell on it. In the excitement I left it behind me. That's about all there is to it, I guess."

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Correct Behavior for Guests, 13 Don'ts | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago Dorothy Dix was the world's highest paid writer. On July 11, 1917 she gave advice on correct behavior for guests, published in the "Honolulu Star-Bulletin", a newspaper from Hawaii. For summer guests she had figured out 13 important "Don'ts" and explained all of them. These are some helpful tips that can still be helpful today. Here's the full article:

First Don't

Never go anywhere without your having a specific, definite invitation for a certain time, and never invite yourself. If you have met a woman during the winter who casually remarked that she wanted you to come over to her summer place sometime, don't write and remind her of it, and ask if it will be convenient for you to come next week. Such invitations are merely the small change of conversation that no one expects to have to pay over the counter. If anyone wants you to come to visit her she will have no hesitation in letting you know the fact, and to offer yourself as an unsolicited guest is nothing short of highway robbery.

Second Don't

Never surprise anybody by going unexpectedly to see them unless you sre desirous of aquiring enemies. A surprise visit is a boomerang that invariably destroys the Individual who hurls it at her defenseless friends. There are circumstances continually arising In every household that make It afflicting to have the most agreeable person on earth, or the best beloved drop to suddenly and unexpectedly.

Third Don't

Bear in mind that invitations are not transferable, not subject to inflation, When a hostess invites yon she doesn't mean your sister or your grandmother, and the invitation is not a family ticket, though there are people who seem to think so.

Fourth Don't

Remember that every invitation has a strict time limit, and you extend It at your peril. Of course when the time comes for you to leave, your hostess will express a polite regret that you cannot stay longer. Never do It, There Is nothing so easy than to wear out a welcome, and it Is better to have people weep because you are leaving than to have them moan because they cant get rid of you. A postscript to a visit Is like a second plate of Ice cream - It cloys the palate and never has the flavor that the first helping did.

Fifth Don't

Dont upset the household you visit by indulging in personal idiosyncrasies. If you are not willing to confirm to the ways and habits of the family, go to a hotel where you can pay for the trouble you make.

Sixth Don't

Don't be one of the dilatory guests who are never on time for a single meal. In novels breakfast is always a movable feast, and dinner appears as if by magic, always perfectly cooked at any old hour, but in real life it takes time and trouble and forethought to get meals together, and if you can't come down to breakfast until a couple of hours after the ordinary time, and if you keep dinner waiting until the soup is burned and the roast is dried out, and the hostels husband is saying things, you may be very certain that it's a sure sign you will never visit at that house again.

Seventh Don't

Don't be a wet blanket. As a general thing you know before hand pretty well what you are letting yourself In for when you go to a place, and so, If your hostess is a golf fiend, don't go unless you mean to play golf; if she's keen on cards, keep away unless you play a good game of bridge; if she's adicted to picnics, stay at home, unless you have a fondness for eating mushy pies and have bugs crawl over you out in the woods; If she is automobile mad say, "no" if motoring gives you the neuralgia. When you accept an invitation, you are in honor bound to do whatever you are asked to do, and do It joyously and look pleasant. No one has a right to pose as the skeleton at the feast.

Eighth Don't

And for pity's sake, don't draw invidious comparisons. It you are invited to sail on a cat boat dont discourse upon what a perfectly grand yacht the Croesus' have. If a hay ride is arranged, dont beguile the moments by recalling a drive you once took on the box seat of a four In hand. If a beer and sandwich supper is offered yon, don't speak of your preference for terrapin and champagne. Make the people who are trying to entertain and amuse yon feel that you are having the time of your life. That's how you pay your way.

Ninth Don't

Be sure not to give your hostess too much of your society. The conversation of any human being alive is best when put in small packages. Go to your room and take a nap. Read. Take solitary rambles. Do anything that takes you out of sight of those whom you are visiting.

Tenth Dont

Dont sponge. Provide yourself with the things you are liable to need before you leave home. There are no other guests in the world so afflicting as the borrowers. Take along your own stationery and stamps, your own toilet articles and sewing things. There isn't a hostess who hasn't been driven wild by the insatiable demands of girl guests who had forgotten to bring along needles and thread, and scissors and writing paper, and stamps, and curling irons, and who could have kept a relay of servants on the run supplying them with the things they had to borrow. Nobody loves a dead beat.

Eleventh Don't

Dont flirt with your hostess' husband, nor with her sons, nor her brothers. It's a peculiarity of woman that even the most heroic of them can't endure to see the men they love making love to an other woman. Wait until you get a man out of his home and from under the eyes of His female relatives before you get sentimental with him.

Twelfth Don't

Don't make any unnecessary trouble for the servants, and don't withhold the tip from the maid to whose burdens you are adding. Keep your own room tidy. Hang up your clothes. Straighten up your dresser, and be not sparing of small change to faithful Mary who hooks you up, and obliging Eliza who presses out your chiffons. Chief among those who are never asked a second time are those nickel nursing guests who keep the maids on a trot doing chores for them and who think they have sufficiently rewarded such service by handing out a few words of thanks and a dinky pocket handkerchief upon their departure. The servants determine the invitation list oftener than you think, so if you want to be a popular 'guest who is much sought after, be not one of those whose coming makes Hilda and Dinah threaten to give notice.

Thirteenth Don't

Don't visit if you are on a diet. If you cannot eat any thing from caviar to fried turnpike rocks, stay at home. No hospitality, no affection, no personal charm can stand the strain of having to cook up separate messes for a food faddist A guilty conscience and an upset stomach are two things that decency requires we should deal with only in strict privacy, and so unless you can follow the biblical Injunction and eat what is set before you and ask no questions, either remain in your own house or else go to a hotel where you can pay for the trouble you give.

Fourteenth Don't

And this Is the most important, of all. After you have visited in a house, never forget that mum's the word. Never repeat what yon have heard. Never reveal what you saw when the family skeleton cupboard door was left ajar. You have eaten your host's bread and salt and that makes them sacred to you. Even the savages do that and it's a savage virtue we civilized people might imitate oftener. Follow these rules, and it's "good by - come again!"

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Sugar, Utah's Second Largest Industry | 100 Years Ago

100 Years ago the newspaper "Goodwin's Weekly" presented its readers with a comprehensive article on the sugar industry in Utah. At that time, the sugar industry was the second largest industry in Utah and therefore had a high economic importance. An interesting insight into a previously important industry. You can read the complete article here:

Since the beet sugar industry was instituted in Utah, the state has led in the average yield of beets per acre, and is unlikely that this honor will ever be wrested from her. The soils and climate here are both peculiarly adapted to this crop, and it can be grown with greater assurance of substantial cash returns than another crop similarly favored by natural growing conditions. Hence the clamor for more refineries. The beet raising industry is growing in this state by leaps and bounds and the factories are hard pressed to meet the constantly increasing demand for additional refining facilities. The market for beet sugar is practically unlimited and the industry is extremely profitable for all concerned. In view of the fact that but 22 per cent of the total amount of sugar consumed in the United States is produced in its own continental territory, it may readily be seen what possibilities are in store for the industry when it assumes full proportions. Among the great beet raising states, Utah is rapidly appraching first rank. She has already passed Michigan and bids is fair to outdistance California in the near future. Then the race will narrow down to a contest between Colorado and the Bee Hive state, with the chances very much in favor of the home producers eventually I winning out.

The estimated output of sugar in Utah for the year 1916 aggregated 232, 800,000 pounds, the product of 941,000 tons of beets. This crop, enormous as it was, was severely shortened by the unusual period of early freezing weather in the fall, which caught the growers with many acres undug. How ever, the census of the 1917 crop shows that Utah will make marked gains in beet production, it being estimated that her yield will exceed that of Michigan by approximately 35,000 tons. As imatters now stand, the beet sugar manufacturing industry in this state is second only to that of the metal mines and their allied industries. From one small factory in 1891, when but 1,000,000 pounds were produced, the industry has grown until in 1915 a grand total of 109,642,300 pounds were produced by eleven factories. Three great sugar manufacturing concerns are now operating in the state the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company with factories at Lehi, Payson, Elsinore, Spanish Fork, West Jordan, Brigham City and Garland; the Amalgamated Sugar Company with factories at Ogden, Logan and Lewiston; and the Layton Sugar Company with its one factory at Layton. There are several other companies that have been recently organized and are now preparing to establish plants in sev eral sections of the state.

The Lehi plant, the first to be established in the state, was the third beet sugar factory to be erected in the United States. This plant has been enlarged three times since it was first operated, and it now has a capacity of 1,400 tons daily with an annual out; put of approximately 30,000,000 pounds of beet sugar. The second factory to be established in Utah was one at Ogden and the factory at Carland came third. Three new plants were put in commission in the fall of 1916, one at Spanish. Fork, ono at West Jordan and another at Brigham City. The first named was moved from Nampa, Idaho, thoroughly remodeled and made up to date in every particular. Its capacity is 1,200 tons of beets per day. It has been an accepted policy of Utah citizens, especially the pioneers, to show a preference for Utah-made goods; and this has been done in many instances, even when the product of home industries were inferior to the imported brands. In the case of Utah beet sugar, however, an unwarranted prejudice has obtalneu In the minds of many housewives. Somehow" or other, they have been lead to believe that beet sugar is not the equal of cane sugar for canning and similar purposes. Unfortunately, this opinion has been spread broadcast, most likely by those who would reap a substantial profit from the sale of cane sugar.

A few years ago this question was agitated in California, and in order to determine the relative merits of the two classes of sugar, exhaustive experiments were conducted under the direction of Prof. G. W. Shaw, a recognized specialist on sugar. Recognizing the far-reaching importance of these experiments, the United States government caused to be published in a special bulletin (Circular No. 33) Prof. Shaw's report covering his investigations. The report in full is attached to this article, in order that it may servo to dispel whatever prejudice the reader may hold with respect to the use of beet sugar: "The relative merits of sugar from beets and that from; cane have been a mooted question ever since beet sugar has become such an important factor in the sugar market. The friends of cane sugar early in the days of the beet sugar industry maintained that beet sugar was repulsive, ill-flavored, ill-looking, and entirely inferior to cane sugar. As soon as it was found that sugar, white and pure from a technical standpoint, could be made in the beet sugar factory directly from beets, and that this sugar would analyze as close to 100 per cent as the product from cane, the friends of the latter advanced other arguments, especially to the effect that beet sugar could not be used for various purposes for which the older cane product had long been employed. Even today the question is often under discussion.

On account of this, and the numerous statements made in public meetings in the columns of newspapers that beet sugar cannot be safely used for purposes of fruit preserving and canning, and the fact that this idea is quite prevalent among housekeepers, cannery men and confectioners, certain experiments were undertaken in the canning of fruit and in the making of jellies, using beet sugar and checking the results against the same kind of fruit prepared in the same manner with cane sugar. "The sources of the sugar from the cane was purchased from the Western Sugar Refinery, San Francisco, California, and was guaranteed to be from cane. The sugar tested 99.7 per cent pure sucrose. The beet sugar was made directly from beets grown at Oxnard, Cal., and was manufactured by the American Beet Sugar Company, the sugar having been donated by that company for the purpose of this test. Analysis showed this sugar to bo 99.8 per cent pure sugar, and thus fully equal to the cane product in sugar value.

"The fruit used in the experiment comprised cherries, apricots, plums, peaches and pears. Each of these was preserved in different strengths of syrup in the ordinary method of canning employed in the cominerc' a canneries, as well as after the method followed in the household practice of canning and jelly making. In the cannery 'the method of procedure was to make up a concentrated solution of sugar by dissolving 350 pounds of sugar in tanks, then reducing portions of the concentrated solution to the desired density, as shown on a spindle. In the case of apricots, both peeled and unpeeled fruit were put up after the ordinary canning methods, in the regular course of work with syrup showing 40 per cent sugar; with greengage plums 10 per cent syrup was used; with pears, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 55 per cent syrup was used; and with peaches 40 per cent syrup. In most instances all these strengths were used in both the case of sugar from cane and sugar from beets, but in the case of one cannery only beet sugar was used. In the making of the syrup some difference was noticed in the action of different grades of sugar.

The beet sugar caused the more froth in the making of syrup, but further investigation led to the conclusion that this was due to the finer granulation of beet sugar. This was proven by the use of cane sugar of about the same granulation in another batch of syrup, in which case the same frothing occurred as with the beet product. This has been noted in other instances, and canneries are wont to count this against beet sugar, but it is only the result of not comparing sugar of the same granulation. This difference in the action due to the difference of granulation was the only apparent difference arising during the making of the syrup. This is not an essential difference between these sugar, however, as the character of the granulation is entirely dependent upon the wish of the manufacturer, the method of boiling in granulation being the same in both cases. The sugar ordinarily used by the canners is known dry, coarse, granulated, a grade not commonly made by the best sugar manufacturers, because there has not yet been I a sufficient demand to warrant its production; but it could be made by them as rapidly as the ordinary granulation.

"The several kinds of fruit were placed in cases in the ordinary manner, and stored in a rathbr unfavorable location for a period of two years, cans of each variety being opened from time to time to observe the change, if any. Of the 2,000 cans which were thus treated, only six cans from the beet sugar lot and seven from the cane sugar lot spoiled during the two years, and this spoil age was evidently due to imperfect sealing of the cans, thus showing the utter lack of foundation for the idea that fruits do not keep well when preserved with beet sugar, and that such sugar does not work well in the cannery. "The utter folly of this idea that beet sugar cannot be used for canning purposes is further empnasized by the fact that practically all the sugar used In Germany and France for the purpose of canning and preserving Is from the beet, and for many years American refined beet sugar was used without complaint in this country, because the mass of the people were not aware that it was derived from the beet. This sugar was brought here as raw sugar from Europe, refined at American refineries, and consumers purchased it under the false idea that it was can sugar. "But as the industry began to grow rapidly in the United States, attention was directed to the source of sugar, and there has arisen this popular error, which may have been some what fostered by interested parties."

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